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Energy Efficiency of the Electric Drive System of a Passenger Car Under Normal Operation Conditions

Mechanisms and Machine Science, ISSN: 2211-0992, Vol: 174 MMS, Page: 921-932
2025
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Metric Options:   Counts1 Year3 Year

Conference Paper Description

The article analyses the temporary and total energy consumption of an electric vehicle in real road conditions in relation to the annual operating period. These studies focused on finding the relationship between average energy consumption, average speed and the “ECO” - economic driving indicator returned by the car's on-board computer. An analysis of the speed profile for more frequently used journeys was carried out, which was 5% in the fast traffic mode (Motorway), 55% in the extra-urban mode, and 40% in the urban mode. From observations recorded for a selected electric car, energy consumption fluctuations range from 9.0 kWh/100km to 34.0 kWh/100km with an annual average of 15.43 kWh/100km. Thus, the driver can reduce consumption by 42% or increase it by 120% depending on the demanding road conditions or driving style. The article will focus on the reasons for such a discrepancy and indicate the conditions under which car driving meets the condition of high average speed and at the same time low fuel consumption. In this context, attention was paid to the impact of external temperature on energy consumption during various periods of use of an electric car. For individual journeys, the relationship between energy consumption and average speed was used using the Pareto method to determine the journey that was carried out with a high average speed and low energy consumption. The article allows you to realistically assess the efficiency of electric vehicles based on the results of driving tests in real conditions and determine the actual costs of energy consumption, which depend on many factors. The factor that has a significant impact on energy consumption is the outdoor temperature, which when the temperature is below 0 ℃ increases the energy consumption of approximately 30% for temperatures ranging from 10 to 25 ℃.

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