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Computational simulation of hemodynamic-driven growth and remodeling of embryonic atrioventricular valves

Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, ISSN: 1617-7940, Vol: 11, Issue: 8, Page: 1205-1217
2012
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Article Description

Embryonic heart valves develop under continuous and demanding hemodynamic loading. The particular contributions of fluid pressure and shear tractions in valve morphogenesis are difficult to decouple experimentally. To better understand how fluid loads could direct valve formation, we developed a computational model of avian embryonic atrioventricular(AV)valve(cushion) growthandremodelingusing experimentally derived parameters for the blood flow and the cushion stiffness. Through an iterative scheme,wefirst solved the fluid loads on the axisymmetric AV canal and cushion model geometry.We then applied the fluid loads to the cushion and integrated the evolution equations to determine the growthandremodeling. After a set timeofgrowth,weupdated the fluid domain to reflect the change in cushion geometry and resolved for the fluid forces. The rate of growth and remodeling was assumed to be a function of the difference between the current stress and an isotropic homeostatic stress state. The magnitude of the homeostatic stress modulated the rate of volume addition during the evolution. We found that the pressure distribution on theAVcushionwas sufficient to generate leaflet-like elongation in the direction of flow, through inducing tissue resorption on the inflow side of cushion and expansion on the outflow side. Conversely, shear tractions minimally altered tissue volume, but regulated the remodeling of tissue near the cushion surface, particular at the leading edge. Significant shear and circumferential residual stresses developed as the cushion evolved. This model offers insight into hownatural and perturbed mechanical environmentsmay directAVvalvulogenesisandprovidesaninitial frameworkon which to incorporatemoremechano-biological details. © Springer-Verlag 2012.

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