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Contamination, source attribution, and potential health risks of heavy metals in street dust of a metropolitan area in Southern Vietnam

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, ISSN: 1614-7499, Vol: 28, Issue: 36, Page: 50405-50419
2021
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Article Description

This study investigates distribution, pollution indices, and potential risk assessment for human health and ecology of eight heavy metals in twenty-five street dust samples collected from metropolitan area—Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Results showed that Zn was of the highest concentration (466.4 ± 236.5 mg/kg), followed by Mn (393.9 ± 93.2 mg/kg), Cu (153.7 ± 64.7 mg/kg), Cr (102.4 ± 50.5 mg/kg), Pb (49.6 ± 21.4 mg/kg), Ni (36.2 ± 15.4 mg/kg), Co (7.9 ± 1.9 mg/kg), and Cd (0.5 ± 0.5 mg/kg). The principal component analysis revealed that three sources of heavy metals measured in street dust include vehicular activities (32.38%), mixed source of vehicular and residential activities (26.72%), and mixture of industrial and natural sources (20.23%). The geo-accumulation index values showed levels of non-pollution to moderately pollution for Mn and Co; moderately pollution for Ni; moderately to strongly pollution for Cd, Cr, and Pb; and strongly pollution for Cu and Zn. The potential ecological risk values of all sampling sites were close to the high-risk category. Zn (28.9%), Cu (25.4%), and Mn (24.4%) dominantly contributed to the ecological risk. For non-carcinogenic risk, the hazard quotient values for both children and adults were within a safety level. For carcinogenic risk, the TCR was about 3 times higher than TCR, but still within a tolerable limit (1 × 10 to 1 × 10) of cancer risk. Cr was a major contribution to potential risks in humans. Such studies on heavy metal in street dust are crucial but are still limited in Vietnam/or metropolitan area in Southeast Asia. Therefore, this study can fill the information gap about heavy metal contaminated street dust in a metropolitan area of Vietnam.

Bibliographic Details

Dat, Nguyen Duy; Nguyen, Van-Truc; Vo, Thi-Dieu-Hien; Bui, Xuan-Thanh; Bui, Manh-Ha; Nguyen, Ly Sy Phu; Nguyen, Xuan-Cuong; Tran, Anh Thi-Kim; Nguyen, Thi-Tinh-Au; Ju, Yun-Ru; Huynh, Thi-Minh-Trang; Nguyen, Duy-Hieu; Bui, Hiep-Nghia; Lin, Chitsan

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Environmental Science

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