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Treatment of anal carcinoma in immune-compromised patients

Clinical and Translational Oncology, ISSN: 1699-048X, Vol: 11, Issue: 9, Page: 609-614
2009
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Article Description

Background Immune-compromised populations show an increased incidence of anogenital tract neoplasms. This study was undertaken to evaluate local control (LC), overall survival (OS) and toxicity in immune-compromised patients with anal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. Methods We identifi ed 25 patients with anal carcinoma and human immunodefi ciency virus (HIV) infection or history of solid-organ transplant on chronic medical immunesuppression. Median age and follow-up were 44 years and 26 months respectively. AJCC T-stages were Tis (4%), T1 (8%), T2 (58%) and T3 (29%). N-stages were N0 (79%), N1 (4%), N2 (13%) and N3 (4%). One patient had metastatic disease at diagnosis. Seventy-fi ve percent received concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Median radiation dose to the primary tumour was 50 Gy. Results One-, 3- and 5-year LC without salvage therapy was 87%, 87% and 70% respectively. One-, 3- and 5-year actuarial OS was 96%, 73% and 61% respectively. One-, 3- and 5-year OS was 100% for treatment time (TT) <50 days and 57%, 38% and 0% for TT≥50 days (p=0.0009). All patients had acute grade 2-3 skin toxicity. Acute grade 3-4 gastrointestinal (GI), genitourinary (GU) and haematological toxicity occurred in 8%, 0% and 38%. Late grade 3-4 skin, GI and GU toxicity occurred in 8%, 4% and 0%. Conclusions Most HIV-positive and organ transplant patients receiving radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy experience acute toxicity but few have chronic complications. T-stage and CD4 level in HIV-positive patients predict for LC. T-stage and TT predict for OS.

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