Morphological Characterization and Phase Determination of Kidney Stones Using X-Ray Diffractometer and Scanning Electron Microscopy

The accurate determination of material composition of a kidney stone is crucial for understanding the formation of it. Such that the type of treatment varies according to the type of stone. It is equally important to determine the stone type correctly in order to determine the preventive treatment correctly. From this point of view, the scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray Fluorescence spectroscope and X-Ray Diffractometer were performed and different kidney stones were analyzed in this work. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray Fluorescence spectroscope was used to study compositional mapping which showed the elemental distribution within a sample. Additionally, the phase composition of all urinary stones was determined by the X-Ray Diffractometer analysis.