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Short-term hot water immersion results in substantial thermal strain and partial heat acclimation; comparisons with heat-exercise exposures

Journal of Thermal Biology, ISSN: 0306-4565, Vol: 97, Page: 102898
2021
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To examine the effectiveness of hot water immersion (HWI) as a heat acclimation strategy in comparison to time and temperature matched, exercise-heat acclimation (EHA). 8 males performed heat stress tests (HST) (45 min of cycling at 50% of VO 2max in 40 °C, 40% RH) before and after heat acclimation sessions. Acclimation sessions were either three consecutive bouts of HWI (40 min of submersion at 40 °C) or EHA (40 min of cycling at 50% VO 2max in 40 °C, 40% RH). Average change in tympanic temperature (T Tympanic ) was significantly higher following HWI (2.1 °C ± 0.4) compared to EHA (1.5 °C ± 0.4) ( P  < 0.05). Decreases in peak heart rate (HR) (HWI: −10 bpm ± 8; EHA: −6 ± 7), average HR (−7 bpm ± 6; −3 ± 4), and average core temperature (−0.4 °C ± 0.3; −0.2 ± 0.4) were evident following acclimation ( P  < 0.05), but not different between interventions ( P  > 0.05). Peak rate of perceived exertion (RPE Peak ) decreased for HWI and EHA ( P  < 0.05). Peak thermal sensation (TS Peak ) decreased following HWI ( P < 0.05) but was not different between interventions ( P  > 0.05). Plasma volume increased in both intervention groups (HWI: 5.9% ± 5.1; EHA: 5.4% ± 3.7) but was not statistically different ( P  > 0.05). HWI induced significantly greater thermal strain compared to EHA at equivalent temperatures during time-matched exposures. However, the greater degree of thermal strain did not result in between intervention differences for cardiovascular, thermoregulatory, or perceptual variables. Findings suggest three HWI sessions may be a potential means to lower HR, TCore, and perceptual strain during exercise in the heat.

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