Cancer cells sense solid stress to enhance metastasis by CKAP4 phase separation-mediated microtubule branching
Cell Discovery, ISSN: 2056-5968, Vol: 10, Issue: 1, Page: 114
2024
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Study Findings on Cancer Reported by Researchers at Second Xiangya Hospital (Cancer cells sense solid stress to enhance metastasis by CKAP4 phase separation-mediated microtubule branching)
2024 NOV 28 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Cancer Daily -- Research findings on cancer are discussed in a new report.
Article Description
Solid stress, originating from rigid and elastic components of extracellular matrix and cells, is a typical physical hallmark of tumors. Mounting evidence indicates that elevated solid stress drives metastasis and affects prognosis. However, the molecular mechanism of how cancer cells sense solid stress, thereby exacerbating malignancy, remains elusive. In this study, our clinical data suggest that elevated stress in metastatic solid tumors is highly associated with the expression of cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4). Intriguingly, CKAP4, as a sensitive intracellular mechanosensor, responds specifically to solid stress in a subset of studied tumor micro-environmental elements through liquid–liquid phase separation. These micron-scaled CKAP4 puncta adhere tightly onto microtubules and dramatically reorchestrate their curvature and branching to enhance cell spreading, which, as a result, boosts cancer cell motility and facilitates distant metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, the intrinsically disordered region 1 (IDR1) of CKAP4 binds to microtubules, while IDR2 governs phase separation due to the Ca1.2-dependent calcium influx, which collectively remodels microtubules. These findings reveal an unprecedented mechanism of how cancer cells sense solid stress for cancer malignancy and bridge the gap between cancer physics and cancer cell biology.
Bibliographic Details
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
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