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Acute psychiatric disorders and medical emergencies related to the use of cannabinoids

Nervenheilkunde, ISSN: 2567-5788, Vol: 42, Issue: 4, Page: 200-208
2023
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Cannabinoid use is associated with an increased risk of numerous acute diseases. The most significant acute mental disorders due to cannabinoid use are intoxications. These can present themselves as delirium or acute psychosis. Cannabinoid use increases the risk of suicidal tendencies and self-injury, particularly in adolescents. Occasionally, cannabinoid withdrawal may require acute treatment. Chronic cannabinoid use may result in cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome that is characterised by episodic, stereotypical, acute nausea and vomiting accompanied by abdominal pain. Cannabinoid use has possibly proconvulsant effects. Chronic cannabinoid use may result in numerous pathological respiratory changes that differ from those related to tobacco smoking. The risk of sudden cardiac death and cardio- and neurovascular diseases as myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, atrial and ventricular fibrillation, peripheral arterial occlusive disease and stroke is increased in cannabinoid use. In addition, cannabinoid use is associated with sudden death and suicides. Compared with products from cannabis sativa, toxicity and risk of the abovementioned diseases are generally higher in synthetic cannabinoids. Cannabinoid use should be considered in the care of the abovementioned diseases.

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