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A genetic investigation of sex bias in the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

bioRxiv, ISSN: 2692-8205
2017
  • 6
    Citations
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Metric Options:   Counts1 Year3 Year

Metrics Details

  • Citations
    6
    • Citation Indexes
      6
      • CrossRef
        6

Article Description

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) shows substantial heritability and is 2-7 times more common in males than females. We examined two putative genetic mechanisms underlying this sex bias: sex-specific heterogeneity and higher burden of risk in female cases. We analyzed genome-wide common variants from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and iPSYCH Project (20,183 cases, 35,191 controls) and Swedish population-registry data (N=77,905 cases, N=1,874,637 population controls). We find strong genetic correlation for ADHD across sex and no mean difference in polygenic burden across sex. In contrast, siblings of female probands are at an increased risk of ADHD, compared to siblings of male probands. The results also suggest that females with ADHD are at especially high risk of comorbid developmental conditions. Overall, this study supports a greater familial burden of risk in females with ADHD and some clinical and etiological heterogeneity. However, autosomal common variants largely do not explain the sex bias in ADHD prevalence.

Bibliographic Details

Joanna Martin; Isabell Brikell; Laura Ghirardi; Henrik Larsson; Paul Lichtenstein; Raymond K. Walters; Elise Robinson; Benjamin M. Neale; Michael C. O’Donovan; Anita Thapar; Ditte Demontis; Manuel Mattheisen; Thomas Werge; Preben Bo Mortensen; Marianne Giørtz Pedersen; Ole Mors; Merete Nordentoft; David M. Hougaard; Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm; Anders D. Børglum; S. Hong Lee; Naomi Wray; Barbara Franke; Stephen V. Faraone; Nicholas Eriksson

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology; Agricultural and Biological Sciences; Immunology and Microbiology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics

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