Characterizing and attributing the warming trend in sea and land surface temperatures
Atmósfera, ISSN: 0187-6236, Vol: 30, Issue: 2, Page: 163-187
2017
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Article Description
Debido a la variabilidad interna de baja frecuencia, las tendencias del calentamiento observadas y subyacentes en series de temperatura pueden ser marcadamente diferentes. Las temperaturas hemisféricas están caracterizadas por importantes discrepancias en las tendencias no lineales observadas, sugiriendo que los hemisferios norte y sur han respondido de manera diferente a los cambios en el forzamiento radiativo. Mediante la utilización de técnicas econométricas recientes es posible reconciliar estas diferencias y mostrar que todas las temperaturas terrestres y oceánicas comparten propiedades de series de tiempo similares, así como una tendencia subyacente común de origen antrópico. También se investiga la asimetría inter-hemisférica de temperatura (ITA, por sus siglas en inglés) y se muestra que la diferencia en el calentamiento entre hemisferios se debe en parte al forzamiento antrópico, pero que la mayoría de los cambios rápidos observados son probablemente producto de la variabilidad natural. La atribución de cambios en la ITA es importante porque los aumentos en el contraste de temperaturas entre hemisferios podrían ocasionar un desplazamiento de la zona intertropical de convergencia y alterar los patrones de precipitación. También se investigan la existencia y causas de una reciente ralentización en el calentamiento. Los resultados sugieren que dicha lentificación es una característica común de las temperaturas hemisféricas globales tanto en tierra como en el océano, y que puede atribuirse al menos parcialmente a cambios en el forzamiento antrópico. Because of low-frequency internal variability, the observed and underlying warming trends in temperature series can be markedly different. Important differences in the observed nonlinear trends in hemispheric temperature series suggest that the northern and southern hemispheres have responded differently to the changes in the radiative forcing. Using recent econometric techniques, we can reconcile such differences and show that all sea and land temperatures share similar time series properties and a common underlying warming trend having a dominant anthropogenic origin. We also investigate the interhemispheric temperature asymmetry (ITA) and show that the differences in warming between hemispheres are in part driven by anthropogenic forcing but that most of the observed rapid changes is likely due to natural variability. The attribution of changes in ITA is relevant since increases in the temperature contrast between hemispheres could potentially produce a shift in the Intertropical Convergence Zone and alter rainfall patterns. The existence of a current slowdown in the warming and its causes are also investigated. The results suggest that the slowdown is a common feature in global and hemispheric sea and land temperatures that can, at least partly, be attributed to changes in anthropogenic forcing.
Bibliographic Details
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0187623617300486; http://dx.doi.org/10.20937/atm.2017.30.02.06; http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85029811482&origin=inward; http://www.revistascca.unam.mx/atm/index.php/atm/article/view/ATM.2017.30.02.06/46591; http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0187-62362017000200163&lng=en&tlng=en; http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0187-62362017000200163&lng=en&tlng=en; http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0187-62362017000200163; http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0187-62362017000200163; https://dx.doi.org/10.20937/atm.2017.30.02.06; https://www.revistascca.unam.mx/atm/index.php/atm/article/view/ATM.2017.30.02.06/46591
Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera
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