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Diabetic Vasculopathy: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Insights

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, ISSN: 1422-0067, Vol: 25, Issue: 2
2024
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Most Recent News

Study Data from University of Missouri School of Medicine Update Knowledge of Diabetes Mellitus (Diabetic Vasculopathy: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Insights)

2024 JAN 25 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Disease Prevention Daily -- Data detailed on diabetes mellitus have been presented. According

Review Description

Clinical and basic studies have documented that both hyperglycemia and insulin-resistance/hyperinsulinemia not only constitute metabolic disorders contributing to cardiometabolic syndrome, but also predispose to diabetic vasculopathy, which refers to diabetes-mellitus-induced microvascular and macrovascular complications, including retinopathy, neuropathy, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and peripheral artery disease. The underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms include inappropriate activation of the renin angiotensin–aldosterone system, mitochondrial dysfunction, excessive oxidative stress, inflammation, dyslipidemia, and thrombosis. These abnormalities collectively promote metabolic disorders and further promote diabetic vasculopathy. Recent evidence has revealed that endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction, gut dysbiosis, and the abnormal release of extracellular vesicles and their carried microRNAs also contribute to the development and progression of diabetic vasculopathy. Therefore, clinical control and treatment of diabetes mellitus, as well as the development of novel therapeutic strategies are crucial in preventing cardiometabolic syndrome and related diabetic vasculopathy. The present review focuses on the relationship between insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus in diabetic vasculopathy and related cardiovascular disease, highlighting epidemiology and clinical characteristics, pathophysiology, and molecular mechanisms, as well as management strategies.

Bibliographic Details

Jia, George; Bai, Hetty; Mather, Bethany; Hill, Michael A; Jia, Guanghong; Sowers, James R

MDPI AG

Chemical Engineering; Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Computer Science

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