Prediction of Fetal Macrosomia in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus through measuring the umbilical cord thickness and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels

Background: One of the most prevalent medical issues, diabetes mellitus, has emerged as a serious concern to pregnant women. It is linked to a number of maternal and fetal issues, including delivery traumas, perinatal death, shoulder dystocia, macrosomia, and operating room interference. Early prediction of fatal complications will improve outcome and reduce perinatal mortality. Aim and objectives; to determine if pregnant diabetes women's use of HbA1c and umbilical cord thickness may accurately predict fetus's macrosomia. Subjects and methods; At Al-Hussein University Hospital, six-month prospective observational research on 100 pregnant women with gestational diabetes who were 28 to 29 weeks along was conducted. Patients had a thorough medical history review, an ultrasound assessment, and an ultrasonography examination. Result: HbA1c and UCA at 27-28 weeks and 36-37 weeks of gestation are substantially different across the three groups that were examined. Conclusion: The severe obstetric problems, including shoulder dystocia and postpartum hemorrhage, are caused by macrosomia. There are times when it is difficult to foresee shoulder dystocia. The group most at risk for these issues may be found, however, using macrosomia prediction. There have been documented studies using sonographic measurement for predicting fetal macrosomia. Fetal macrosomia is well predicted by the thickness of the umbilical cord and the fetal fat layer.