Extraction of bioactive compounds from Garcinia Mangostana pericarp using supercritical carbon dioxide with hydrothermal process

Supercritical carbon dioxide with hydrothermal extraction is efficient method of extracting valuable compounds from natural products. In this study, supercritical carbon dioxide with hydrothermal process was used to extract bioactive compounds from Garcinia mangostana pericarp. The study employs other extraction methods such as SC-CO2 with hydrothermal extraction, SC-CO2 extraction and SC-CO2 with 5% (w/w) of water as co-solvent. The extraction yield and the recovery of alpha-mangostin were then compared relative to the results obtained from SC-CO2 with Hydrothermal Extraction.The extraction was performed in an 8.8 ml stainless steel close-type batch reactor. The effects of process parameters such as temperature (120-160oC), pressure (5-15 MPa), extraction time (30-120 min), and particle size (0.2735-0.9385 mm) on the extraction yield, total phenolic compounds content, antioxidant activity, and alphamangostin recovery were investigated.The relationship of process parameters were established using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The predicted optimum extraction yield was 39.931% w/w based on dry Garcinia mangostana pericarp, obtained at temperature of 160oC, with operating pressure of 5 MPa, having an extraction time of 30 minutes, and with the pericarp average particle size of 0.2735 mm. It was also predicted from RSM that the total phenolic compounds could achieved a highest value at 22.03 g GAE/100g of extract when temperature was at 120oC, under an extraction pressure of 15 MPa, in an extraction time of 30 min and having average particle size of charged at 0.9385 mm. Likewise, a highest antioxidant activity characterized by the lowest of IC 50 of 73.176 g/ml could be obtained if the temperature of extraction is 160oC, coupled with an operating pressure of 15 MPa, an extraction time of 30 minutes and average particle size of 0.9385 mm. The maximum predicted value in terms of alpha-mangostin recovery reached 0.203% w/w of extract when conditions are at 140oC, 10 MPa, extraction time of 60 minutes, and average particle size of 0.2735 mm. It could be observed that SCCO2 Extraction with Hydrothermal Process exhibited the highest extraction yield but obtained the lowest value of alpha-mangostin recovered when compared to other methods of extraction consider in this study.