影視業勞工狀況中期研究報告2023
2023
- 441Usage
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Metrics Details
- Usage441
- Abstract Views227
- Downloads214
Report Description
文化及創意產業是近年香港政府重點發展的產業,銳意將香港打造成「中外文化藝術交流中心」。然而文化及創意產業行內的運作模式、勞動條件和文化卻鮮有被研究。近期,業內發生了幾宗轟動的工業意外,備受社會關注。此外,媒體不時報導從業員被「拖糧」、長時間超時工作、行業前景受限等,反映需要深入研究創意產業勞工的工作狀態。在眾多的創意產業行業中,影視業的從業員人數較多,每年亦有大量畢業生投入市場,因此本研究報告集中討論影視行業的狀況。我們在今年四月至八月透過訪談接觸了30位從業員,訪問他們的入行經歷、勞動狀態、待遇等問題。另外在六月至八月,我們利用問卷調查了123名從業員,主要收集他們的接案協議及酬勞、工時及勞動強度、職業安全等數據。研究發現外判制度導致影視業工作普遍零散化、延遲支付酬勞(即「拖糧」)情況常見。問卷顯示,有42.3%回覆者表示在現時或上一份工作,開工前僅前有口頭或訊息協議,14.6%回覆者則在開工前沒有任何形式的協議。影視業的外判制度其來有自,經歷九十年代港產製作大幅萎縮,投資商須緊縮成本製作預算,改以承包及自由工作方式聘用勞工,導致從業員缺乏正式僱傭關係和相關勞工保障。零散化的勞動模式亦造成普遍的不合理待遇,包括「拖糧」、欠缺清晰的工作協議、內容修改和工時安排等。影視業從業員的勞動強度普遍較高,過勞和工傷普遍,但甚少有適當處理。超過六成回覆者表示「頗多」或「經常」連續兩天工作12小時以上;76.4%回覆者表示試過或目睹工傷,不過,只有11.7%回覆者表示有向勞工處呈報工傷。政策倡議訂立從業員基本待遇守則。影視業應制訂標準合約以保障從業員的基本權益,包括明確的酬勞支付方式、日期、付款分期,以及具體的休息時間規定。在盡量減低各持份者的行政成本下,標準合約讓自由工作者享有合理保障。行業亦應規範每組拍攝之間的最短休息時間及每週休息日。政府應負起帶頭責任,規定受資助團體或個人必須以不亞於行業標準合約的待遇聘請製作人員。訂立工業安全指引。業界組織、勞工團體和勞工處應盡快共同制定工業安全指引。勞工處應研究拍攝場地的安全隱患,參考現行法例和工作守則,製作適用的宣傳材料和訓練課程。確立工作守則後,勞工處可研究不同執法的可行性,例如要求呈報拍攝現場、巡查、鼓勵舉報不安全的拍攝環境等。勞工處應審視勞工法例,研究同時保障僱員、日薪從業員、自由工作者的工傷補償。另外,勞工處應積極研究將中暑和過勞納入工傷保障範圍。政府須完善對影視業的資助。政府應完善電影發展資助階梯,並鼓勵影視製作人擴展到不同平台,開拓市場。同時須增加畢業生支援,並聯同業界和學界,研究影視製作的區域分工及香港影視界的比較優勢,並按此推行相關的教育、人才培訓和資助計劃,使香港影視業能在區域分工中突圍而出。
Bibliographic Details
Fong Sum Wood Library
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