Quantum Communication, Shannon Theory, and Error Correction

Although quantum communication does not receive as much attention in the media as quantum computing, it will play just as large a role in future technologies. For example, we can conceive of quantum networks that allow for distributed quantum computing, and already quantum cryptography is being implemented commercially. We present a summary of topics in quantum information theory and their role in quantum communication. Quantum data compression and noisy coding are discussed, followed by development of the fundamental concepts of quantum error correcting codes along with a number of examples. We include a description of the dual-rail photonic implementation of a qubit that is common in most quantum communication experiments, and end with a summary of the current state of experimental efforts in this area. This includes general equipment as well as specific experiments that represent the cutting edge of quantum communication.