Development of a physical shoulder simulator for the training of basic arthroscopic skills

Background: Orthopaedic training programs are incorporating arthroscopic simulations into their residency curricula. There is a need for a physical shoulder simulator that accommodates lateral decubitus and beach chair positions, has realistic anatomy, allows for an objective measure of performance and provides feedback to trainees. Methods: A physical shoulder simulator was developed for training basic arthroscopic skills. Sensors were embedded in the simulator to provide a means to assess performance. Subjects of varying skill level were invited to use the simulator and their performance was objectively assessed. Results: Novice subjects improved their performance after practice with the simulator. A survey completed by experts recognized the simulator as a valuable tool for training basic arthroscopic skills. Conclusions: The physical shoulder simulator helps train novices in basic arthroscopic skills and provides objective measures of performance. By using the physical shoulder simulator, residents could improve their basic arthroscopic skills, resulting in improved patient safety.