Effective Starting Methods for The Evaluation of Initial Estimates for Newton-Raphson Load Flows.(Dept.E)

Load flow calculations are performed an any energy system to enable system engineers to satisfy the needs of the society from electric energy, and are necessary in making projects and research work connected with system planning and development. The most popular and widely used method for these calculations is the Newton-Raphson method which is advantageous to other methods by its quadratic convergence property. There are cases however, where the Newton-Raphson method is divergent . One of the main reasons for this divergence is its high sensitivity to the initial estimates of the unknowns. This paper presents two starting methods for the evaluation of the initial estimates for Newton-Rephson load flows. The initial estimates calculated by these methods are found to guarantee a relible convergence and increased speed of solution by the Newton-Raphson method. The reduction in computer times has amounted to as high as 50% of the time without starting methods.