A Meta-Narrative Review of RUNX1-RUNX1T1 and its Relativity to CBF Disruption Within the Adult Population

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is an aggressive subgroup of leukemias developed from a deviant hematopoietic stem cell, prevented from differentiating into a mature cell. Additionally, core binding factor (CBF) is disrupted by the translocation of chromosomes 8 and 21. This balanced translocation generates the RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion gene on the derivative chromosome 8, resulting in t(8;21)(q22;q22.1). These events cause a blockage of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and ultimately lead to leukemia transformation (Beghini, A. 2019). Using Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and Karyotyping, molecular translocation can be detected, visualized, and associated with chromosomes 8 and 21 [t(8;21)(q22;q22)]. Furthermore, this study will investigate how gene fusion and translocation disrupt CBF for the purpose of understanding how AML is diagnosed and treatment. To address this, we conducted a meta-narrative review of the number of articles that correspond to each sub-theme of the approach to AML in the context of RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion gene, including the utilization of treatments, its detail on correlation to CBF complex, how the research method was depicted, limitations, audience, technology, and treatment. One of the most important aspects of the study was the understanding of genetic abnormalities and the use of genetic analysis in developing future treatment strategies for leukemia. The correlation of RUNX1-RUNX1T1 gene generated on the derivative chromosome 8 will result in t(8;21)(q22;q22.1), a balanced translocation.