Predictors of Independence for Adults with Intellectual Disability

As the life expectancy for adults has increased, the number of individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) entering adulthood has increased, which brings up the question of how to evaluate and provide the care needed for these individuals. An important aspect of adulthood in individuals with ID is independence. Research links independence (specifically living environment and employment) and self-determination to a higher QOL. The purpose of the current study was to examine predictors of independent living and employment for adults with ID. Client records were obtained from an organization for adults with ID. Data retrieved included demographic information, IQ score, living arrangements, employment status, and a standardized assessment of adaptive and maladaptive behavior (Inventory for Client and Agency Planning). Out of approximately 40 clients at the organization, 21 of these participants had at least one ICAP assessment and were included in analyses. Two direct logistic regressions were conducted to assess how well IQ and adaptive and maladaptive behaviors predicted independent living and employment. The logistic regressions revealed adaptive and maladaptive behavior predicted independent living, but only adaptive behavior predicted employment. IQ scores were not predictive of either measure of independence. Implications and limitations of the current study, as well as directions for future studies, are discussed.