Energy-efficient 5G networks using joint energy harvesting and scheduling

This chapter considers a downlink energy harvesting heterogeneous networks (EHHetNet) system where each base station (BS) is equipped to harvest from wireless and renewable sources. It presents the EH HetNets system model and gives the problem formulation based on the knowledge level of the RE generation, aiming to minimize the networks energy consumption during the B time slots. The formulated binary linear programming (BLP) optimization problems are considered as NP-hard problem due to the existence of the binary variables; hence, propose a metaheuristic algorithm, namely, binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO). The performances of the proposed BPSO algorithm is compared to those of the well-know genetic algorithm (GA). The chapter provides the selected numerical results to evaluate the performance of the EH HetNets systems. Selected BSs transmit their messages periodically every Tbsec.