Construction of a Double Tunnel with Ground Windows
1988
- 85Usage
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Example: if you select the 1-year option for an article published in 2019 and a metric category shows 90%, that means that the article or review is performing better than 90% of the other articles/reviews published in that journal in 2019. If you select the 3-year option for the same article published in 2019 and the metric category shows 90%, that means that the article or review is performing better than 90% of the other articles/reviews published in that journal in 2019, 2018 and 2017.
Citation Benchmarking is provided by Scopus and SciVal and is different from the metrics context provided by PlumX Metrics.
Metrics Details
- Usage85
- Downloads71
- Abstract Views14
Conference Paper Description
A double tunnel of 6.3 m height has been driven in loess underground of low friction and relatively large capillary cohesion. To attain a tunnel climate corresponding to natural underground conditions, earth windows were provided along the side walls of the tunnel. The portal was supported by steel profiles, anchors and a shotcrete layer. The stability of the retaining construction was ensured by two independent methods. A preexcavation of the tunnel was found to be necessary. The works were performed simultaneously with excavation of the hillside facing the portal. The tunnel lining consists of reinforced shotcrete. The bearing behaviour of the lining was investigated through different finite element analyses assuming both a single tunnel and the double tunnel. For the latter case, a simultaneous excavation as well as successive individual excavations were studied. The support system of the final tunnel faces is presented. A comparison of both measured and calculated convergences is given. During excavation of the hillside facing the portal a crack occurred in the supported ground. Good agreement was obtained between the observed crack course and the one presumed in the stability analyses.
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