ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN THE ITALIAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES

Internationally, transport is identified as a major contributor to energy and environmental problems. This paper is an analysis of the symptoms and the causes of the constant increase in energy consumption in the Italian transport sector during the last 20 years. Wherever possible, comparisons between Italy and other European countries are made. According to available statistics, the main features of the Italian transport system are: an unbalanced traffic modal split, high levels of motorization, different degrees of transport infrastructure and organization and a low level of multimodal and combined transports. All these factors contribute to imbalances in social and economic development. In short, the Italian transport system is based on the dominance of the mode which has the highest energy consumption: that of road transport. Moreover, the Italian 'mono-modal' transport system exerts a negative influence on those of the neighbouring countries. How can Italy try to solve these problems? Solutions are suggested in this paper in line with international (OECD) and European (Community) studies and recommendations. Hypothetical scenarios are analysed, both in traffic trends and energy consumption tendencies, to demonstrate necessity and opportunity for radical changes. Also the need emerged for a more appropriate and accurate observation of the transport system as a part of 'the state of the environment'. In fact, more than once in this paper the lack of data, sources of information and reliable methodologies is underlined.