La fuerza centrífuga del posconflicto: las FARC-EP entre la unidad y la desintegración (The Centrifugal Force after Conflict: The FARC-EP between Unity and Fragmentation)
in: “Implementación del acuerdo de paz con la(s) FARC: balance e implicaciones" edited by Erin McFee and Angelika Rettberg), Forthcoming
2018
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Paper Description
Spanish Abstract: Cuando los conflictos armados terminan, algunos grupos armados ilegales se convierten en organizaciones políticas legales. Si bien en algunos casos no cambian los intentos de tomar el poder o de promover reformas en el escenario democrático, la dinámica interna cambia debido a la desaparición de la disciplina militar. La resultante fuerza centrífuga del posconflicto genera una serie de transformaciones internas: del centro, el cual es el partido u organización política, algunos excombatientes seguirán siendo parte activa mientras que otros se alejarán o renunciarán a estar vinculados con la nueva agrupación. Aparte de las preferencias individuales y del contexto político nacional, creemos que existen al menos tres factores que exacerban o moderan este proceso: las oportunidades rivales que se presentan a los excombatientes, el apoyo local que se deriva en buena medida de la actividad en el conflicto y el nivel de liderazgo integrativo, ejercido no solamente por la cúpula sino también por los antiguos mandos medios. Ilustramos estas dinámicas con el caso del tránsito de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército del Pueblo (FARC-EP) a la Fuerza Alternativa Revolucionaria del Común (FARC), que inició su proceso de desarme en el año 2017. (Este artículo es parte del manuscrito “Implementación del acuerdo de paz con la(s) FARC: balance e implicaciones" compilado por Erin McFee y Angelika Rettberg) English Abstract: When armed conflicts come to an end, some illegal armed groups transform into legal political organizations. While they do not necessarily change their intention to take power or promote reforms in the democratic arena, internal dynamics shift due to the loss of military discipline. The resulting centrifugal force in the post-conflict period generates a series of internal transformations: some ex-combatants stay in the center, which is the party or the political movement, whereas others distance themselves from the new organization. Beyond individual preferences and the national political context, we argue that there are at least three factors that drive this process: new rival opportunities, both legal and illegal, which arise for ex-combatants; local support which is mainly derived from activities during conflict; and the level of integrative leadership, which is exercised not only by high-ranking commanders but also by former mid-level officers. We illustrate these dynamics with the transition from the insurgency Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People’s Army (FARC-EP) to the political movement Common Alternative Revolutionary Force (FARC), which started in 2017.
Bibliographic Details
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