A Wearable Glucose Sensor Integrated with Hollow Microneedles and Reverse Iontophoresis Extraction†

Reverse iontophoresis (RI) technology has the advantages of wearable and painless in the field of continuous glucose monitoring. However, there are still challenges in optimizing the extraction throughput and consistency of RI. Here, we study an extraction and detection system based on microneedles, which integrates hollow microneedles and constant current adjustable circuits to achieve efficient RI extraction of glucose from interstitial fluid and improve the electrochemical performance of glucose sensor. High sensitivity and limit of detection were achieved in the same glucose sensor. The integrated device has the advantages of simple preparation, high sensitivity, high accuracy and electrical controllability, and has practical application potential in glucose sensing.