Optimized direct organogenesis from shoot tip explants of date palm

In vitro propagation is an available alternative to produce uniform and good-quality planting material to establish large-scale date palm cultivation in a short time. This study was carried out to achieve organogenesis and multiplication directly from shoot tips without callus formation, thus avoiding any possibility of undesirable genetic variability among the regenerated plants. The shoot tips explants are cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 1 mg/L naphthoxyacetic acid (NOA), 2.5 mg/L benzyladenine (BA), and 2.5 mg/L isopentenyladenine (2iP). Numerous adventitious buds appeared from the shoot tip explants in darkness after six subcultures at 4-week intervals. Vegetative buds pass through three stages: initiation bud formation, vegetative bud differentiation, and shoot bud proliferation. Shoots are transferred onto medium containing low concentrations of growth regulators for shoot multiplication. The organogenesis protocol described herein consists of six steps: initiation of meristematic buds, multiplication, elongation, rooting, pre-acclimatization, and finally plant acclimatization.