Types of Radiation and Their Properties

Radiation and radioactivity are physical phenomena that have been well-described by science. An understanding of their physical properties and an appreciation of the relevant science is essential if we are to understand how to evaluate the risks they pose, the measurements we make, recommended safety measures, and so forth. For this reason, we will start with a review of the fundamental science that underlies the field of radiation safety and its applications. In addition, the reader should consider that, in the midst of a radiological or nuclear emergency, it might not be necessary to develop precise calculations—a quick estimate is often good enough, with more detailed calculations coming when the emergency phase is over.