Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Adrenal Glands

This chapter provides a practical overview of fre­quently used markers in the diagnosis and differential diagno­sis of both common and rare neoplasms of the thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands, with a specific focus on pap­illary thyroid carcinoma and its mimickers. The chapter con­tains 30+ questions; each question is addressed with a table, concise note and representative pictures if applicable. In addi­tion to the literature review, the authors have included their own experience and tested numerous antibodies reported in the literature. The most effective diagnostic panels of anti­bodies have been recommended for many entities, such as CK19, HBME-1, and galectin-3 being suggested as the best diagnostic panel for identifying papillary thyroid carcinoma. New markers, such as TROP-2, are discussed. Furthermore, immunophenotypes of normal thyroid tissue have been described, which tends to be neglected in literature.