Synthetic Cannabinoids and Neurodevelopment

The recreational use of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) is increasing worldwide, often associated with reports of acute intoxications and deaths. Adolescents and young adults, including women of childbearing age or even pregnant, stand among the most frequent SC users. The developing brain is especially vulnerable to cannabinoid-elicited effects, due to the key role played by the endocannabinoid system (SCs’ main target) in regulating neurogenesis. However, the mechanisms of SC-induced neurotoxicity remain mostly unexplored. In particular, studies on the mechanisms underlying SC-triggered neurogenic perturbations remain scarce, despite accumulating evidence that SC use may lead to the onset of neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., psychosis, autism spectrum). This chapter revises some of the main outcomes and mechanisms underlying the modulation of neurogenic processes by SCs, including the key role played by the endocannabinoid system and the dysregulation of neurotransmitter signaling by these drugs.