An Introduction and Systematic Review on Machine Learning for Smart Environments/Cities: An IoT Approach

Over the last centuries, human activities have had a significant impact on the environment, usually damaging and exploiting land, water bodies, and air all around us. With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning (ML) in recent decades, developments in smart sensing and actuating technologies have been adopted for the environment. As such, interactions between humans and the environment have become more synergetic and efficient, creating so-called “smart environments”. In recent years, smart environments, such as smart homes, smart farms and smart cities, have matured at an increasing rate. Therefore, keeping track of applications for smart environments has become an important aspect of research. Although several research efforts have targeted reviewing aspects of smart environments, such as technologies, architectures, and security, a gap is identified. Reviews focusing on approaches using a combination of IoT and ML in smart environments/cities are lacking. In this chapter, a systematic review of the combination of IoT and ML in smart environments is presented. Moreover, a summary of approaches to combine IoT and ML in smart environments is provided. The findings achieved in this chapter materialize into recommendations for the implementation of IoT and ML in smart environments. It is expected that the recommendations may be used as a basis for successful implementations of IoT and ML in smart environments.