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The Effcacy of Smartphone-Based Interventions in Bipolar Disorder

Digital Mental Health: a Practitioner's Guide, Page: 115-132
2023
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Book Chapter Description

Smartphones allow the automatic and continuous collection of real-time self-reported and passive objective behavioral data, which have the potential to avoid inherent biases and complement standardized mental health assessments. Bipolar disorder (BD) represents the ideal diagnostic framework for capturing digital information, as its depressive and manic phases overtly translate into altered emotion, speech, and behavior. Smartphones offer unique capabilities to detect prodromal affective symptoms between outpatient visits in BD and, therefore, potential for facilitating early interventions. Even smartphone-based interventions have shown some efficacy for depression and anxiety, their efficacy for BD is still unclear. The heterogeneity of studies assessing smartphone-based interventions in BD so far fostered the development by the International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) Big Data Task Force of an expert consensus to establish how studies assessing the efficacy of smartphone-based interventions for BD should be designed and report user-engagement indicators objectively. This consensus will allow clinicians to compare and replicate studies and reach higher scientific rigor, qualitatively and quantitatively classify and rank smartphone-based interventions, and have accurate and reliable UEI to evaluate smartphone-based interventions in BD. Smartphones could provide global, cost-effective, and evidence-based mental health services on demand and in real time. However, there are still many challenges still to be addressed that need the cooperation of multiple and distinct parties involved. This chapter provides an overview of the state-of-the-art efficacy of smartphone-based interventions for BD, the current challenges, barriers, and future directions.

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