Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture and Food Security in Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean

Recent analyzes have determined that many countries have not made progress towards meeting the goal of eradicating hunger. The difficulties imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic added to the worsening of the climate crisis, which led to an increase in the occurrence of extreme events and the reduction of food production in many countries, have moved the world away from the path that leads to the end of hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. In 2020, almost one in three people in the world lacked access to adequate food, an increase of almost 320 million people between 2019 and 2020. If these data are analyzed by regions, in this same period approximately 46 million more people suffered from hunger in Africa and 14 million more in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Therefore, this chapter aims to assess the main impacts generated by historical (1950–2021) and future (2050 and 2100) climate change trends on food production and its correlation with the prevalence of undernourishment and moderate and severe food insecurity in Africa and LAC between 2000 and 2022. The results of these analyzes will provide essential information that can be used to promote the development of sustainable food systems in the current context of the socio-sanitary and climate crisis, in accordance with SDGs 2, 13 and 17 of the 2030 Agenda.