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Countering Hybrid Threats: Towards an Ontology for Securing 5G Networks

Communications in Computer and Information Science, ISSN: 1865-0937, Vol: 2192 CCIS, Page: 104-121
2025
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Conference Paper Description

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of 5G architecture, including its various components and how they interact with advanced technologies such as Network Function Virtualization (NFV), Software-Defined Networking (SDN), and Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC). It also identifies 5G threats and potential vulnerabilities that could expose 5G infrastructure to hybrid threats. The paper first deals with NFV/SDN-enabled 5G Architecture demonstrating how it increases flexibility and reduces dependency on physical infrastructure. It then outlines the concept of 5G Service-Based Architecture (SBA), describing how different network functions (NFs) interconnect and communicate within this new paradigm, focusing on the user and control plane functions. Next, the paper discusses Network Slicing and MEC, as well as Next Generation-Radio Access Network (NG-RAN), highlighting their importance in optimizing network efficiency and supporting diverse service requirements. The paper then identifies the roles of various threats and vulnerabilities in the 5G software-hardware ecosystem The role of 5G, NFV, SDN, MEC, and Cloud Computing is further examined in implementing the 5G ROUTES initiative of the North Sea-Baltic corridor, showcasing how these technologies collectively enhance infrastructure scalability and performance. The focus is on the security of the 5G network and strategies for countering hybrid threats to the 5G infrastructure through ontological modelling. It concludes by outlining a basic ontological approach to countering hybrid threat onslaughts. The holistic approach is unique in the literature as it provides in-depth technical insights alongside ontology and lays the groundwork for considering the ontological paradigm in future research into securing 5G networks.

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