Arthritic Conditions Affecting the Temporomandibular Joint

Arthritis is the most common inflammatory joint disease in children and adults. It has multifactorial etiology resulting in joint degeneration and loss of function. Using a management classification scheme based on clinical signs, symptoms, and imaging, this chapter will present an evidence-based discussion for the management of arthritic conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The common and significant signs and symptoms of TMJ arthritic conditions are pain, loss of joint function, joint instability, mandibular dysfunction, and facial deformity due to loss of posterior mandibular vertical dimension, as pathologic osteolysis decreases the height of the condyle. Medical management can ameliorate early-stage disease. Progressive disease may require the employment of invasive procedures, whereas in end-stage disease, joint replacement is typically required.