Efficacy of Various Amendments for the Phytomanagement of Heavy Metal Contaminated Sites and Sustainable Agriculture. A Review

Soil has the ability to persist contaminants for a longer duration which lowers the quality of soil for agricultural use. Soils augmented with a load of heavy and toxic metals and organic pollutants of industrial sources show the severe effect on the crops. This effort will gather information about the effect of environmental pollution on the crops and remediation of the contaminated soil using various amendments. Emphasize is focused on the physiochemical and biological mechanisms along with advanced phytoremediation techniques. New developments of research are included on the morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of important food crops that grow under heavy metals stress. Among the applied practices the best application recently working are the organic acids amendments having a chelating ability. Significant facts of plants growth-promoting bacteria which favor the phytoremediation because of converting rhizospheric situation, increase the plant biomass, and bioaccumulation of heavy metals are reported. A broader approach is used to best summarize the literature regarding the efficacy of soil amendments that can play a positive role in enhancing the efficiency of phytomanagement.