Modern Perspectives in Controlling Human Diseases through Probiotic Intervention

The human gut ecosystem is a diverse mélange of microbial community entangled in a delicate symbiotic relationship with the host body. The past decades of microbiome-associated studies and advancements in molecular biology have unraveled many constituent organisms of this complex community particularly those colonizing gastrointestinal tract (GI) and their importance in regulating different aspects of host physiology. A major proportion of these beneficial microbes are regarded as probiotics and perform a multitude of actions viz., competitive inhibition of pathogens, production of active metabolites, regulating host mucosal immunity, and activation of different inter compartmental organ axes. Probiotics are primarily therapeutic agents that modulate the gut microbial ecology in order to attain healthy functional eubiosis state.