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Pain Disorders

Therapeutics of Neural Stimulation for Neurological Disorders, Page: 327-343
2023
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Book Chapter Description

Chronic pain is mainly divided into two categories: neuropathic pain and nociceptive pain. Chronic visceral pain and migraine are separately discussed in this chapter due to their unclear pathological mechanisms. At present, neuromodulation therapy for chronic pain is mainly divided into two categories: non-invasive and invasive. Non-invasive neuromodulation therapy includes transcutaneous nerve electrical stimulation (TNES), percutaneous spinal cord direct current stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Invasive neuromodulation therapy includes motor cortex stimulation (MCS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), spinal cord stimulation (SCS), dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRGS), peripheral nerve stimulation(PNS), and intrathecal drug diffusion (IDD).

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