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Mechanism of Skeletal Muscle Atrophy at High Altitude: Role of Herbals and Nutraceuticals

Adaptation under Stressful Environments through Biological Adjustments and Interventions, Page: 113-131
2024
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Book Chapter Description

Exposure to high altitude leads to numerous adaptive and maladaptive responses in our body which accentuates a decline in the physical performance. Skeletal muscle atrophy is a well-reported phenomenon during prolonged stays at high altitudes. Hypobaric hypoxia, the major stressor at high altitudes, disturbs the redox homeostasis and activates a plethora of intracellular signaling pathways, including ER stress, altered anabolic pathways, disturbed calcium homeostasis, enhanced protein degradation, and apoptosis in the skeletal muscle. Our recent research has elucidated the multiple signaling pathways responsible for high altitude-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Understanding the key mechanisms of the atrophic phenomena paves the way for the development of strategies and interventions to ameliorate this protein loss. Dietary phytochemicals and nutraceuticals are gaining attraction for the amelioration of skeletal muscle atrophy and enhancing physical performance. The present chapter described a few phytochemicals that not merely ameliorate skeletal muscle protein loss but also manage active lifestyles under stressful conditions.

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