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Histological and histometrical investigations of benzene-induced lesions of rat bone marrow

Virchows Archiv Abteilung A Pathologische Anatomie, ISSN: 0945-6317, Vol: 355, Issue: 1, Page: 50-65
1972
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Article Description

1. Adult rats were given daily benzene injections for up to 3 weeks. After different periods of treatment, groups of animals were killed and the bone marrow of vertebrae and femora was examined in semi-thin sections after embedding in methacrylic methylester without decalcification. 2. Point-counting planimetry was used to obtain quantitative figures on the development of progressing benzene-induced bone marrow lesions. 3. The area of myeloid parenchyma was found to decrease from approx. 80% to 40% during benzene treatment. The corresponding increase of nonparenchymatous structures (blood vessels, fat cells) was unequal in the different bone marrow specimens as far as single components were concerned. The amount of fat cells in the marrow of vertebrae was twice as high as that in the marrow of femora. 4. Intoxication effects in the marrow of vertebrae and femora also differed for various bone marrow cells. The number of erythopoietic, myelopoietic and mast cells in the bone marrow of vertebrae decreased earlier and faster than in the marrow of femora. 5. In untreated control animals the marrow of femora showed greater blood vessel lumina and larger numbers of mast cells and plasma cells per square unit whereas the marrow of vertebrae contained a larger number of megakaryocytes per square unit. 6. Sinus dilatations and sinus wall lesions as well as the resulting hemorrhages and edematous areas in the bone marrow are interpreted as being due to benzene-induced parenchymal damage. 7. The toxic mechanisms of benzene are discussed with regard to impairment of mitoses, DNA synthesis defects and damages to other enzymatic systems in connection with the resulting histological changes. © 1972 Springer-Verlag.

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