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Toxicological studies with primary cultures of chick embryo cells: DNA fragmentation under the influence of DNase I-inhibitors

Archives of Toxicology, ISSN: 0340-5761, Vol: 67, Issue: 5, Page: 318-324
1993
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Chicken embryo brain and liver cells in vitro exhibited spontaneous DNA fragmentation as determined by viscometry of alkaline cell lysates. Ca and Mg enhanced, while Zn, the Ca chelator ethylenglycolbis(β-aminoethyl-ether)-N, N, N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), spermine and - to a lesser extent - spermidine and Hoechst 33258 inhibited spontaneous DNA fragmentation. Under the same conditions chromatin condensation, as assessed by nucleoid sedimentation, increased. Exposure of chicken embryo cells to various genotoxic agents, i.e. doxorubicin, bleomycin, methyl methanesulfonate, thiyl radicals, HO, UV light, and X-rays, increased DNA fragmentation in a dose dependent manner. Zn or EGTA diminished DNA fragmentation in cells exposed to bleomycin, thiyl radicals, HO and UV light. An apparent sensitisation to X-irradiation has been observed in Zn or EGTA-pretreated cells. It is suggested by the present investigations that, with agent specific peculiarities, apoptotic phenomena are implicated when nucleotoxicity is assessed in chicken embryo cells by physico-chemical short-term tests in vitro. © 1993 Springer-Verlag.

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