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The generation of metabolic energy by solute transport

Archives of Microbiology, ISSN: 0302-8933, Vol: 164, Issue: 4, Page: 235-242
1995
  • 65
    Citations
  • 0
    Usage
  • 75
    Captures
  • 1
    Mentions
  • 0
    Social Media
Metric Options:   Counts1 Year3 Year

Metrics Details

  • Citations
    65
    • Citation Indexes
      65
  • Captures
    75
  • Mentions
    1
    • News Mentions
      1
      • 1

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Processing Tuna, Scombridae, for Canning: A Review.

Introduction This paper reviews the processing of tuna, Scombridae, for canning from beginning to end. It follows the entire process from receiving the frozen fish

Review Description

Secondary metabolic-energy-generating systems generate a proton motive force (pmf) or a sodium ion motive force (smf) by a process that involves the action of secondary transporters. The (electro)chemical gradient of the solute(s) is converted into the electrochemical gradient of protons or sodium ions. The most straightforward systems are the excretion systems by which a metabolic end product is excreted out of the cell in symport with protons or sodium ions (energy recycling). Similarly, solutes that were accumulated and stored in the cell under conditions of abundant energy supply may be excreted again in symport with protons when conditions become worse (energy storage). In fermentative bacteria, a proton motive force is generated by fermentation of weak acids, such as malate and citrate. The two components of the pmf, the membrane potential and the pH gradient, are generated in separate steps. The weak acid is taken up by a secondary transporter either in exchange with a fermentation product (precursor/product exchange) or by a uniporter mechanism. In both cases, net negative charge is translocated into the cell, thereby generating a membrane potential. Decarboxylation reactions in the metabolic breakdown of the weak acid consume cytoplasmic protons, thereby generating a pH gradient across the membrane. In this review, several examples of these different types of secondary metabolic energy generation will be discussed. © 1995 Springer-Verlag.

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