Effects of carvacrol on hormonal, inflammatory, antioxidant changes, and ovarian reserve in polycystic ovary syndrome in Wistar rats

The study, which explored the effects of carvacrol on female reproductive health, particularly in terms of hormonal, inflammatory, antioxidant, and ovarian reserves in polycystic ovary syndrome, could significantly influence future treatments and clinical practice. The study, conducted on thirty-five female Wistar albino rats, was designed to mimic the conditions of polycystic ovary syndrome in humans. The rats were randomly assigned into five groups: control (C), vehicle (V), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), carvacrol (CAR), and polycystic ovary syndrome + carvacrol (PCOS + CAR). The following practices were applied to the groups during the study. Normal saline was administered to the C group, DMSO to the V group, letrozole (1 mg/kg/day) to the PCOS group, carvacrol (20 mg/kg) to the CAR group, and letrozole and carvacrol together to the PCOS + CAR group for twenty-one days. At the end of the administration, blood, and ovarian samples were taken for hormone analysis (E, and AMH), inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6), oxidant-antioxidant analysis (malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase), and histopathological examinations. Ovary, and body weights were measured, and the ovary index was calculated. As a result, it was observed that carvacrol caused beneficial effects through inflammatory, and antioxidant mechanisms in PCOS.