YKL107W from Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a novel aldehyde reductase for detoxification of acetaldehyde, glycolaldehyde, and furfural

The aldehyde reductases from the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family were identified as a series of critical enzymes for the improved tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the aldehydes by catalyzing the detoxification reactions of aldehydes. Herein, we report that a novel aldehyde reductase Ykl107wp deduced from YKL107W from S. cerevisiae belongs to the classical SDR group and can catalyze the reduction reactions of acetaldehyde (AA), glycolaldehyde (GA), furfural (FF), formaldehyde (FA), and propionaldehyde (PA) but cannot reduce the six representative ketones. Ykl107wp displayed the best maximum velocity (V), catalytic rate constant (K), catalytic efficiency (K/K), and highest affinity (K) to acetaldehyde. The optimum pH of Ykl107wp was 6.0 for the reduction of AA and 7.0 for the reduction of GA and FF, and the optimum temperatures were 40, 35, and 30 °C for the reduction of AA, GA, and FF, respectively. Ykl107wp for the reduction of AA was greatly affected by metal ions, chemical additives, and salts and showed poor thermal and pH stability, but its stability was slightly affected by a substrate. Ykl107wp was localized in endoplasmic reticulum and prevented the yeast cells from damage caused by furfural via the detoxification of furfural to furfural alcohol. This research provides guidelines for the study of uncharacterized classical SDR aldehyde reductases and exploration of their protective mechanisms on the corresponding organelles.