Effects of Loading Rate on Rockburst Proneness of Granite from Energy Storage and Surplus Perspectives

Rockburst is a kind of rock failure phenomenon during which the internal elastic strain energy of surrounding rock mass is released dynamically under external load, and the loading rate is an essential influencing factor of potential for bursting. To investigate the effects of loading rate on rockburst proneness from energy storage and surplus perspectives, conventional uniaxial compression tests are conducted on granite under four orders of magnitude loading rate. The failure process and mode of granite specimens were recorded in real time with a high-speed camera with microsecond shooting speed. The variation trend of the internal elastic strain energy of granite specimens under four loading rates was obtained by performing the single-cycle loading–unloading uniaxial compression test. The experimental results show that the elastic strain energy linearly increases as the input strain energy increases under each loading rate, which meet the linear energy storage law. Based on the linear energy storage law, the peak elastic strain energy of each granite specimen can be accurately obtained. According to the mass and range of ejected rock debris after specimen failure, the bursting liability of each specimen was evaluated by the far-field ejection mass ratio (M) from a qualitative point of view. Meanwhile, the residual elastic energy index (A) and the other three criteria were used to evaluate the potential for bursting of granite specimens under different loading rates. The comparison results show the rockburst proneness of granite specimens increases with the loading rate and that the evaluation results of M and A are unified from qualitative and quantitative aspects, respectively. The fundamental reason for the consistent results is that these two indexes have a common essence of elastic strain energy release.