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Endometrial cancer: Epidemiology and etiology

Onkologe, ISSN: 1433-0415, Vol: 23, Issue: 1, Page: 7-14
2017
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Article Description

Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the fourth most common female malignancy and the most common pelvic malignancy in women. Effective strategies for early detection, prevention and counselling are based on knowledge about the epidemiology and etiology of EC. Aim: This article gives a review of the literature on the epidemiology and etiology of EC and summarizes and discusses the current knowledge on the epidemiology and etiology of EC. Material and methods: A comprehensive search of the literature was carried out using the PubMed database and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials on the topic of epidemiology and etiology of EC. Results: In Germany 2.7 % (and ninth position) of cancer-specific deaths are due to EC. The incidence of EC increases with age and is most frequently diagnosed in the age group of 75 to 79-year-old women. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus is the most common histological subtype of EC and the most important biological characteristic is its hormone dependency. In this respect the most important risk-modulating etiological factors of EC are long-term use of estrogens, progestogen therapy, oral contraceptives, body mass index and an impaired glucose metabolism. In addition, physical activities, sport and dietary aspects, such as consumption of fat, red meat, soja foods, dietary fibers, vitamins and specific beverages, such as tea and coffee play an important etiological role. The etiology of the hormone-independent type II EC is unknown. This biologically aggressive subtype of EC usually develops on the basis of endometrial atrophy and is characterized by a specific genetic profile.

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