Chemiluminescent Diagnostics of Free-Radical Processes in an Abiotic System and in Liver Cells in the Presence of Nanoparticles Based on Rare-Earth Elements nReVO:Eu (Re = Gd, Y, La) and CeO

We have used luminol-dependent chemiluminescence with Fenton’s reagent to study the effect of nanoparticles based on rare-earth elements of different sizes and shapes on free-radical processes in abiotic and biotic cell-free systems, and also in isolated cells in vitro. We have estimated the effects of rare-earth orthovanadate nanoparticles of spherical (GdYVO:Eu, 1–2 nm), spindle-shaped (GdVO:Eu, 25 ×8 nm), and rod-shaped (LaVO:Eu, 57 × (6–8) nm) nanoparticles and spherical CeO nanoparticles (sizes 1–2 nm and 8–10 nm). We have shown that in contrast to the abiotic system, in which all types of nanoparticles exhibit antiradical activity, in the presence of biological material, extra-small spherical (1–2 nm) nanoparticles of both types exhibit pro-oxidant activity, and also enhance pro-oxidant induced oxidative stress (for the pro-oxidants hydrogen peroxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide). The effect of rare-earth orthovanadate spindle and rod shaped nanoparticles in this system was neutral; a moderate antioxidant effect was exhibited by 8–10 nm CeO nanoparticles.