Continuous-monitoring measured signals bounded by past and future conditions in enlarged quantum systems

In a quantum system that is bounded by past and future conditions, weak continuous-monitoring forward-evolving and backward-evolving quantum states are usually carried out separately. Therefore, measured signals at a given time t cannot be monitored continuously. Here, we propose an enlarged quantum system method to combine these two processes together. Therein, we introduce an enlarged quantum state that contains both the forward- and backward-evolving quantum states. The enlarged state is governed by an enlarged master equation and propagates one-way forward in time. As a result, the measured signals at time t can be monitored continuously and can provide advantages in the signals amplification and signal processing techniques. Our proposal can be implemented on various physical systems, such as superconducting circuits, NMR systems, ion traps, quantum photonics, and among others.