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A Comprehensive Review on Groundwater Contamination Due to Sewer Leakage: Sources, Detection Techniques, Health Impacts, Mitigation Methods

Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, ISSN: 1573-2932, Vol: 235, Issue: 1
2024
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Review Description

Groundwater pollution poses a significant threat globally, particularly in developing countries where inadequate sanitation facilities contribute to growing concerns about contamination from sewer leaks. Hence, the objective of this study is to present a comprehensive review, offering insights into diverse aspects of sewer leaks and their impacts on the urban groundwater system. This includes an exploration of leak sources, methods for leak detection, quantification approaches, analysis of contaminants in sewage along with their health effects, and strategies for mitigating both sewer leaks and groundwater contamination. This review addresses various factors leading to sewer infrastructure damage, emphasizing its importance in effective maintenance strategies. In this review, a range of contaminants released from sewer leaks were outlined, ranges from emerging contaminants to heavy metals that poses risk to the human health and environment. Further it evaluates various methods for detecting sewer leaks, emphasizing advancements in water quality analysis, visual, electromagnetic, and acoustics techniques. This research assesses diverse techniques for quantifying sewage leaks, including mass balance and wastewater balance and concludes pinpointing specific leak hotspots remains challenging. Furthermore, an appraisal of mitigation measures was also conducted, determining that rehabilitation serves as a more effective approach to stop leaks at their source. This paper delves into groundwater treatment methods, highlighting the difficulties in achieving optimal water quality and reveals that technologies such as Permeable Reactive Barrier and advanced oxidation processes exhibit potential in effectively removing trace-level pollutants. Overall, the review underscores the importance of understanding, detecting, and mitigating sewer leakage for the health and sustainability of groundwater systems.

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