Observation of intrafraction prostate displacement through the course of conventionally fractionated radiotherapy for prostate cancer

Materials and methods: IFPD was observed by using a CyberKnife real-time tracking system over 39 serial fractions in two patients. Stereoscopic X-ray images tracking the implanted fiducial markers were obtained with mean intervals of 58 s. In preparation for treatment, urination was performed routinely 1 h before treatment and rectal gas was evacuated if necessary. Patients were immobilized by a thermoplastic body shell. Results: The maximal absolute values of IFPD in all 78 fractions were 7.9, 2.1, and 11.5 mm in cranio–caudal (CC), left–right (LR), and antero–posterior (AP) direction, respectively. Only in 5 % of fractions (4/78 fractions), the maximal absolute values of IFPD were 5.0 mm or larger. In these fractions, large IFPD was temporary or persistent. IFPD of ≥3 mm was detected in only ~2–3 % of all obtained tracking images. Purpose: Intrafraction prostate displacement (IFPD) through the course of conventionally fractionated radiotherapy was observed by real-time tracking. Conclusions: Daily maximal IFPD changed day by day. Although maximal IFPD was more than 10 mm, IFPD of ≥3 mm was observed in a comparatively small proportion of treatment time. Through the course of conventionally fractionated radiotherapy, fractions with IFPD of ≥5 mm were infrequent.