A Review on Micro- and Nanoscratching/Tribology at High Temperatures: Instrumentation and Experimentation

High-temperature micro-/nanomechanics has attracted much interest over the last decade, primarily because of the urgent need to understand the mechanical and tribological properties of advanced engineering materials at micro-/nanoscale and the underlying physics controlling such properties at operationally relevant conditions. Recent years have subsequently witnessed the swift growth and development of new high-temperature micro- and nanoscratching/tribology instruments. Here, we present an overview of fundamental principles and developments in these instruments, discuss pertinent findings on the topic in detail, and outline current challenges and promising future directions in the field.