Coronary Calcium Scores 6 Years After Bariatric Surgery

Background: Obesity is associated with elevated coronary artery calcium (CAC), a marker of coronary atherosclerosis that is strongly predictive of cardiovascular events. We evaluated the effects of marked weight loss achieved through Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (GBS) on CAC scores. Methods: We performed echocardiography and computed tomography of the heart in 149 subjects 6 years after enrollment in a prospective registry evaluating the cardiovascular effects of GBS. Coronary calcium scores, left ventricular ejection fraction, and left ventricular mass were measured. Results: At baseline, most coronary risk factors were similar between the GBS and nonsurgical groups including current smoking, systolic blood pressure, LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG. However, GBS patients were younger (4.7 years), less likely to be diabetic, and less likely to be postmenopausal. At 6 years after enrollment, CAC score was significantly lower in patients who underwent GBS than those without surgery (p < 0.01). GBS subjects had a lower likelihood of having measureable coronary calcium (odds ratio of CAC > 0 = 0.39; 95 % CI of (0.17, 0.90)). Significant predictors of 0 CAC were GBS, female gender, younger age, baseline BMI, and baseline LDL-C. Substituting change in BMI for group status as a predictor variable showed that BMI change also predicted CAC (p = 0.045). Changes in LDL-C did not predict the CAC differences between groups (p = 0.67). Conclusions: Sustained weight loss achieved through bariatric surgery is associated with less coronary calcification. This effect, which appears to be independent of changes in LDL-C, may contribute to lower cardiac mortality in patients with successful GBS.